This event also significantly impacted the evolution of life on Earth as it created new habitats for organisms to thrive in. The breakup of Columbia led to the formation of new oceans and continents, such as Laurentia, Baltica, Siberia, and Amazonia.

It lasted for about 500 million years before it began to break apart due to plate tectonic activity. This process of collision and convergence led to the formation of some of the oldest rocks on Earth.Ĭolumbia spanned across what is now North America, South Africa, India, Australia, and parts of Antarctica.

Geologists believe that Columbia formed, from colliding landmasses, thanks to evidence provided by geological and paleomagnetic data. It existed approximately 1.8 billion years ago. Laurasia moved northwards to finally split into smaller landmasses with the formation of the North Atlantic Ocean about 56 million years ago.Ĭolumbia, also known as Nuna, is believed to have been one of the first supercontinents on Earth, and it played an essential role in the planet's geological history. The two landmasses seaparated about 215 to 175 million years ago. Laurasia was the landmass that together with Gondwana formed Pangaea. Today, remnants of Gondwana are in various parts of the world, including South America's Andes Mountains and Africa's Karoo Basin. Fossil evidence suggests it was home to many unique species, such as dinosaurs, marsupials, and early flowering plants. The Gondwana supercontinent played a crucial role in the evolution and distribution of flora and fauna across different regions. One of the most significant events was the separation of Africa from South America during the early Cretaceous period, which led to the formation of the Atlantic Ocean. The name 'Gondwana' comes from the Gond tribe of central India.ĭuring its existence, Gondwana underwent several tectonic events that shaped its geography and influenced biodiversity. It was formed by colliding several smaller continents and fragments, including South America, Africa, Madagascar, India, Australia, and Antarctica. Gondwana held its place on Earth from the Neoproterozoic period to the Jurassic period, approximately 550 million to 180 million years ago.

Siberia 200